Types of Acne

Acne Types

There are various types of acne. So how do you differentiate between the many acne types?  There are minor forms of acne and some very serious acne conditions (but rarer) as well. Hopefully this article will help describe and define the different forms of acne as well as define some of the characteristics of each.

Acne Vulgaris

Several forms of pimples fall into this category. Acne lesions that are considered acne vulgaris are blackheads, whiteheads, papules and pustules. Whiteheads occur when a skin pore becomes clogged due to trapped oil, bacteria and dead skin cells. The clogged mixture of the three is what causes the white color on the skin surface. Typically whiteheads have the shortest “lifespan” of all acne. Blackheads occur when the pore is only partially blocked with oil, dead skin cells and bacteria. The black color is the result of the skin’s natural pigment reacting to the oxygen in the air. Blackheads can appear for a long time and take a long time to clear up. Papules are red, tender bumps that have become inflamed but do not have the white appearance on the tip. Papules should never be squeezed as this can result in infection. Pustules are like whiteheads but are inflamed and have a red circle surrounding the affected area.

Gram-Negative Folliculitis

Gram-negative folliculitis refers to an infection of gram-negative rods that usually occurs after an extended period of antibiotic therapy.  Scientists use the word “gram” to describe the blue stain that is used in laboratories. This is often used to locate microscopic organisms.  The bacteria that cause gram-negative folliculitis does not stain blue, thus the term 'gram-negative.'  The most common forms of bacteria that are believed to cause gram-negative folliculitis include E. coli, serratia marcesoens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacteria's from the proteus and klebsiella species.

How does gram-negative folliculitis differ from regular acne vulgaris?  Most cases of gram-negative folliculitis produce less papules and comedones than acne vulgaris.  Treatment of gram-negative folliculitis is fortunately much easier to treat than other severe types of acne.  In most cases, conventional antibiotic therapy will help clear up gram-negative folliculitis.  Isotretinoin may also help clear up this condition.

Cystic Acne

Cystic acne falls into the class of severe acne. A very painful condition which is best attended to by a dermatologist.  Cystic acne, or acne cysts, can appear very similar to a nodule but a cyst is pus filled and usually gets much larger. This is probably the most difficult form of acne to deal with. It's different from your usual variety of blackheads, whiteheads and blemishes. While these standard pimples rise on the skin's surface when pores are clogged, cystic acne actually starts below the skin's surface. In a way, it's similar to having an ingrown hair. You know how the hair continues to grow beneath the skin, even though it's trapped and can't break through. This can result in a nasty, massive bump. Many men have probably encountered this problem after shaving and women after too much waxing. It can be a real pain to deal with and resolve. Sometimes warranting a trip to the dermatologist. Now, this goes the same for cystic acne. If you are in need of a quality cystic acne treatment, then see a professional, preferably as soon as possible. Cystic acne is very painful and even if left alone can cause scarring. Whatever you do, don't squeeze those zits! Squeezing acne cysts will probably cause infection and painful inflammation that will last much longer than if the pimple had been left alone.

Nodules

Acnes that form into nodules show up as spots that are large, hard bumps under the skin's surface and can be very painful. Nodules can even last for up to several months. Attempting to squeeze nodular acne will result in acne scars. Damage to the skin is also a result of the squeezing of nodular acne and doing so will also help prolong the life of the pimple.

Note*

Nodules and cystic acne are in the class of severe vulgaris.  A dermatologist will be able to perform a procedure or prescribe a treatment that will lessen the swelling and prevent scarring.  Leaving acne cysts and nodules alone is the next best treatment, second only to treatment by a dermatologist.

Acne Rosacea

Acne Rosacea is very similar to acne vulgaris and they are often confused for one another. Rosacea affects millions of people, most of who are over the age of thirty. Acne Rosacea is a red rash, which is found on the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin. Bumps, pimples, and other skin blemishes accompany it. This form of acne also causes the blood vessels to become more visible on the skin. It is more common in women, but cases in men tend to be much more severe.

Scalp acne's real name is "scalp folliculitis". A condition in which the hair follicles become clogged and result in inflammation.  Scalp acne is a relatively common condition that is referred to by a variety of names, including scalp acne, Tinea Barbae, Barber's Itch, and others. 

Spa Pool Acne

Spa pool folliculitis is a skin condition that looks very much like acne but is caused by a bacterial infection of hair follicles. This condition is most commonly caused by bacteria (P. aeruginosa) found in poorly maintained public swimming pools, Jacuzzis and hot tubs.

Acne Conglobata

This is a very uncommon form of acne that can produce significant disfiguration.  Acne conglobata is characterized by the development of burrows in the skin, along with papules, abscesses, keloidal and atrophic facial scars.  Individuals with acne conglobata often develop blemishes that appear in clusters of two or three.  Cysts are often present that are filled with pus. Nodules may also be present, especially in the area of the back and chest.

Who is more susceptible to acne conglobata? In general, males are more likely to experience this type of acne.  Onset of acne conglobata usually occurs at a young age, between the ages of 18 and 30.  Although no one knows the exact cause of acne conglobata, some believe it is caused by a mutation in the XXY karyotype chromosomes.  A person with acne conglobata may experience extensive scarring and subsequent disfigurement.  Because the effects of acne conglobata can often be dramatic, individuals afflicted with the skin disorder may be at greater risk of suffering from self-esteem issues, depression, anxiety, and they may feel stigmatized.  Treatment usually includes medication, although it has sometimes been found to be resistant. Strong and persistent treatment will conquer the acne in most cases.

Acne Fulminans

Acne fulminans, sometimes referred to as acne maligna, was originally thought to be acne conglobata. Acne Fulminans is an onset of acne conglobata with symptoms of severe nodule cysts.

Although there are many types of acne the most common is the mild acne and is very treatable. Most people outgrow acne by the time they reach their thirties. If scarring occurs there are many treatment options for the acne sufferer. Prevention of acne is the best way to avoid the complications of the condition. If you suffer from any form of acne and it seems to be more troublesome than the average acne, consult your physician for a recommendation to a qualified dermatologist who can assist you in your treatment options.

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